Xi Stands with Putin in Moscow, But Keeps a Diplomatic Distance

Chinese President Xi Jinping appeared alongside Russian President Vladimir Putin during Moscow’s Victory Day parade, reaffirming their alliance with powerful symbolism. However, beneath the surface of handshakes and headline-grabbing rhetoric lies a more strategic balancing act.

Xi sat directly to Putin’s right—signaling loyalty during a parade meant to project strength. The two leaders praised the “unbreakable” bond between their nations, with Xi calling Russia and China “friends of steel.” Yet analysts say this carefully staged display masks growing complexities in the relationship.

Strategic But Unequal Allies

Xi’s 11th visit to Russia since 2013 and more than 40 face-to-face meetings with Putin highlight the importance of their alliance. But the dynamic has shifted significantly in recent years. Western sanctions over the war in Ukraine have crippled Russia’s economy, leaving Moscow increasingly reliant on Beijing.

“Russia needs China much more than the opposite is true,” says Mathieu Boulegue from the Center for European Policy Analysis.

China, now the dominant power in the partnership, has tread carefully not to alienate Western economic partners. Though Xi avoids condemning Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, he also refrains from offering full-throated military support, referring instead to a need to resolve the “crisis.”